Mises: The Last Knight of Liberalism

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This is the story of Ludwig von Mises (1881-1973), an amazing economist. It is the story of his personal influence on the Austrian School, the ideas of liberty, and the world of his time and ours. It is the story of a man who transformed himself through an uncompromising pursuit of the truth. Once a student of the historical method in the social sciences, he became the dean of the opposition Austrian School and humanistic social theory. He began as a left-learning young idealist in Vienna and became the grand old man of the American Right. His battle against socialism and the interventionist state put him at odds with every regime of his time, both in Europe and the United States. His story is, in many ways, the story of the 20th century. His colleagues in Europe called him the "Last Knight of Liberalism" but, in truth, his eyes were fixed on the future of freedom.

Source: back cover text

Table of Contents

• Preface
• Acknowledgments
• PART I: YOUNG LUDWIG
  • 1. Roots
  • 2. School Years
    • Vienna
    • Viennese Jews
    • Akademisches Gymnasium
    • Austria-Hungary
    • Socialisms, Austrian Style
    • Which Career?
  • 3. Alma Mater Rudolphina
    • The Grünberg Seminar
    • Military Service and Death of His Father
    • In the Philippovich Seminar
    • Birth of an Economist
    • Years with a Master
• PART II: THE AUSTRIAN SCHOOL
  • 4. Fin de siècle Economic Science
    • Carl Menger—Pioneer of “Empirical Theory”
    • Menger’s Work in the German Context
    • Methodenstreit
    • The Austrian School and the Gossen School
    • The Breakthrough of the Austrian School
    • Eugen von Böhm-Bawerk
    • Friedrich von Wieser
    • Joseph A. Schumpeter
  • 5. Early Professions
    • Difficult Start in Professional Life
    • The Parallel Life
    • Kammer
    • Storm Clouds
    • Vienna Meeting of the Verein für Socialpolitik
    • Breakthrough at the Kammer
    • Theory of Money
  • 6. Treatise on Money
    • The Nature of Money
    • Integration of Value Theory and the Theory of Money
    • Wieser’s Theory of Money
    • Mises’s Theory of the Value of Money
    • Money is Not Neutral: Cantillon Effects
    • Exchange Rate Determination: Purchasing
    • Power Theory
    • Fractional-Reserve Banking and Business Cycles
• PART III: OFFICER, GENTLEMAN, SCHOLAR
  • 7. The Great War
    • First Year in Battle
    • The Home Front
    • Back to the Front
    • New Life
    • A Last Mission
  • 8. Nation, State, and Economy
    • Migrations, Mixed Populations, and Modern Imperialism
    • The Utilitarian Method of Social Analysis
    • The Fallacies of German Socialism in War and Peace
    • Political Economy of Language Communities
  • 9. 1919
    • New Battlefields
    • Postwar Socialism and the Specter of Anarchy
    • Pro-Government Emergencies
    • Toward Sound Money
    • Vienna Circles
  • 10. A Copernican Shift
    • The Argument
    • The Intellectual Context
    • Triumph
    • The Incomplete Revolution
  • 11. A Treatise on Socialism
    • Benefits Derived from the Means of Production under Capitalism 
    • The Utilitarian Case for Democracy
    • Political Economy of the Family 
    • Implications of the Calculation Problem 
    • Moral Hazard—The Other Nemesis of Socialism
    • The Feeble and Compromising John Stuart Mill
    • The Law of Association 
    • Monopoly Theory 
    • Christian Ethics versus the Market?
    • Socialism = Destructionism
• PART IV: MISES IN HIS PRIME
  • 12. Winds of War
    • Hayek and the Bureau for Claims Settlements
    • Fighting Inflation 
    • Seminars 
    • Wieser’s Long Shadow
    • The LSE Connection 
    • Advent of the Gold-Exchange Standard
    • Hyperinflation, Currency Competition, and Monetary Reform
    • Theory of Money and Credit Reconsidered
    • German Economists Return to Classical Liberalism
    • Silver Linings on the Horizon
  • 13. A System of Political Philosophy
    • First Outline of a Theory of Interventionism
    • Critique of the “Anti-Marxists”
    • Critique of the New Liberals
    • The Transformation of Economic Science
    • Liberalismus 
  • 14. Booms
    • 1926 Journeys
    • Institute for Business Cycle Research
    • Austrian Politics at the Onset of the Gold-Exchange Standard
    • Free Trade, Monetary Stabilization, and Cyclical Policy
    • The New Theoreticians
    • The Theory of Value Reconsidered 
    • Toward a New Epistemology of the Social Sciences
    • A Private Boom-Bust
  • 15. Crises
    • The Causes of the Great Depression
    • A Lieutenant in London
    • Return to Foreign-Exchange Controls
    • Second Edition of Socialism
    • Dresden Meeting of the Verein für Sozialpolitik
    • Economic Theory Completed
    • Twilight in Vienna
• PART V: MISES IN GENEVA
  • 16. The Geneva Years
    • Institut des Hautes Études Internationales
    • Academic Life
    • Alienation from Former Associates
    • Mises and the Neo-Liberals
    • Popular Fronts
    • Profound Transformations
    • The Walter Lippmann Colloquium
    • Plans for after the War
    • Escape from Europe
  • 17. A Treatise on Economics
    • The System in an Overview
    • Anti-Psychologism 
    • Capitalism and Liberalism are Rational
    • Equilibrium, Profit and Loss, and Entrepreneurship
    • Consumer Sovereignty and Interest
    • Business Cycle Theory Restated
    • Update of the Socialist-Calculation Debate
    • A Pure Cash Balance Approach
• PART VI: MISES IN AMERICA
  • 18. Émigré in New York
    • Arrival in New York
    • National Bureau of Economic Research
    • Dark Hours and New Plans 
    • Six Weeks in Mexico
    • The Austrian National Committee
    • New Friends 
    • American Citizen
  • 19. Birth of a Movement
    • Libertarian Seedbeds
    • The Long Visit at New York University
    • Leonard Read and the FEE
    • Frederick Nymeyer
    • Mises Debates American Libertarians
    • Planned Chaos
    • A Conference at Mont Pèlerin
    • Preparing the Counter-Revolution
    • A Neo-Liberal Coup in Germany
    • A New Yorker
  • 20. Human Action and Its Consequences
    • First Reactions
    • Misesians
    • Speeches and Papers
    • The Freeman 
    • The Nymeyer Connection 
    • American Edition of Theory of Money and Credit
    • Grey Eminence and Itinerant Scholar
    • New York Circles 
    • A Misesian Treatise
    • Sennholz at Grove City College 
  • 21. The Epistemological Case for Capitalism
    • The Argument in a Nutshell
    • Science and the Culture of Salutary Dissent
    • Heroic Elites in a Mass Democracy 
    • The Study of History
    • The Anti-Capitalistic Mentality
    • Christianity Reconsidered
  • 22. Fragmentation of the Movement
    • Conservative Movement and Libertarian Remnant
    • Demise of the Circle Bastiat
    • Against the Neo-Liberals 
  • 23. Last Years
    • Last Writings
    • Last Skirmishes with the Anarchists
    • Last Skirmishes with the Monetarists
    • Last Honors
• Epilogue 
• Bibliography
• Index of Names
• Index of Subjects